Bioactive Molecules A Key to Understanding Accelerated Bone Healing Following Traumatic Brain Injury

Accelerated bone healing following traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a remarkable phenomenon, acknowledged both clinically and in experimental studies. A deep understanding of the “bone-brain” axis and molecular structure-activity relationships (SAR) has enabled the identification of key biomolecules involved in accelerated osteogenesis.This review synthesizes the current literature on bioactive molecules involved in post-TBI bone healing, SAR relationships, molecular mechanisms, clinical data, therapeutic implications, and future perspectives in regenerative orthopedic medicine.A systematic and narrative analysis of clinical and experimental studies published up to 2024 was conducted, focusing on reference articles from the USA, Europe, and Asia, as well as the original sources provided.Data demonstrates that humoral factors such as prolactin, BMP-2/7, FGF-2, IGF-1, along with microRNAs and cytokines, synergistically stimulate osteogenesis and accelerate bone healing after TBI. The structure-activity relationships (SAR) of these biomolecules explain both beneficial effects and potential complications (heterotopic ossification).The phenomenon of accelerated bone healing following TBI provides a unique platform for revolutionizing regenerative orthopedics. Integration of molecular knowledge and therapeutic individualization will enable more effective and personalized treatments for patients with severe fractures or impaired healing post-TBI.