Conservation and Dynamic Recombination of Spacetime Units: A Unified Framework for Gravity, Cosmology, and Quantum Discreteness

This paper proposes a gravitational theoretical framework based on the dynamics of discrete spacetime units. The core idea is that there exists a conserved ”spacetime raw material”, and quan- tum virtual processes of matter continuously produce new spacetime units by consuming this raw material, forming local density gradients—which manifest as spacetime curvature. This mechanism naturally eliminates action-at-a-distance, is compatible with general relativity under covariance con- straints, and provides a unified explanation for dark matter, dark energy, black hole singularities, and other long-standing puzzles.First, we clarify the meta-principle of ”global common covariance”, and on this basis, give the ultimate explanation of symmetry breaking: symmetry is not ”broken”, but a local cost paid for global covariance. Then we systematically elaborate twelve core arguments of the framework, and starting from the only fundamental equation (the second-order discrete wave equation of complex fields), we rigorously and step-by-step derive the Newtonian gravity limit, mass-energy equation E = mc2 , the principle of constant speed of light, Maxwell’s equations, Newton’s three laws, Schr¨odinger equation, Dirac equation, the origin of spin-1/2, and the geometric formula of the fine-structure constant. All physical laws are derived results rather than external inputs. Finally, we present quantitative predictions that can be tested by future experiments.