Experimental and FEM Analysis of the Fireproofing Performance of Calcium Silicate Boards

Calcium silicate boards are widely used in passive fire protection systems due to their high structural stability and excellent thermal insulation performance under extreme temperatures. The fireproofing efficiency of such materials strongly depends on their thermophysical properties and structural configuration. In this study, the effects of density, thickness, and thermal conductivity on the fire insulation performance of three commercially available calcium silicate boards were systematically investigated by fire testing. Temperature evolution on the unexposed surface was monitored and validated through numerical simulations to predict how the fireboards behave under various heating conditions. In addition, the microstructural and physical properties of the boards were characterized and correlated with their fire performance. The simulation results show good agreement with experimental data, revealing that density, thickness, and thermal conductivity play a critical role in determining the fireproofing efficiency of calcium silicate boards.