Gaps in Public Health in Acute Myocardial Infarction: An Observational Study of Clinical and Knowledge Factors in Colombian Urban Population of High-Level Hospital

Objective. To describe sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, as well as evaluate knowledge about the disease in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) for the first time in a hospital of high complexity in Bogotá, Colombia. Methods. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in adults aged 18 and over diagnosed with a first episode of an AMI, in which data were collected through structured surveys that evaluated the cardiovascular risk profile, recognition of symptoms, life habits and knowledge of symptoms. Results. 61 patients, 73.33% men, with an average age of 57 years (SD±13) were included. The majority had elementary education as their highest level (34.43%), and more than half reported monthly income of between 1 and 2 million pesos (COP$) (55.74%). Hypertension (68.85%), diabetes mellitus (40%), and smoking (52.46%) were the most prevalent risk factors. 72.13% underwent coronary angioplasty, 45.90% were able to define the concept of AMI, being more frequent among those with higher educational levels (85.71%). Recognition of critical symptoms was limited, 54.10% identified chest pain, 49.2% dyspnea and only 37.70% syncope. 80.30% recognized that a healthy diet is preventive, 71.10% were physically inactive. In addition, 41% reported self-medication and 59% delayed seeking medical attention. Conclusions. Patients with the first episode of an AMI in our study population in Bogotá face a double burden: modifiable risk factors and wide knowledge gaps, especially among those who have lower educational level and low income. These findings high-light the need for public health interventions with an equity approach, including culturally appropriate educational programs and policies that encourage timely recognition and response to cardiovascular symptoms. Overcoming these barriers is crucial to improving outcomes in AMI and reducing preventable mortality in vulnerable populations.