Degradation of the Molecular Basis of Life During the Aging Process

Aging is a chronic, destructive process characterized by the progressive breakdown of the body, leading to a loss of control over homeostasis. Scientific evidence indicates that energy dysmetabolism, particularly the loss of regulation in glucose-dependent metabolic processes, significantly contributes to the aging process. In healthy individuals, glucose levels are tightly regulated, enabling optimal adaptation to the body's physiological demands. However, as glucose metabolism declines with age, it leads to pathological changes in cellular and tissue function, which in turn results in chronic inflammation that can further accelerate aging. In this narrative review, I examine the complex and multifaceted aspects of aging, which are driven by age-related and irreversible changes in cellular and tissue structure and function. These alterations directly affect brain function, the primary regulator of vital bodily processes. The age-related structural and functional changes observed in long-lived cells, especially neurons, cardiomyocytes, and osteocytes, significantly impact both the quality and longevity of life. Research aimed at improving glucose metabolism by supplementing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) precursors shows promise for enhancing both the quality and length of life.