Efficacy and safety of Compound Chamomile-Lidocaine Gel for postoperative wound management after pediatric circumcision: a multicenter randomized controlled trial

Background: Circumcision is a common pediatric urological procedure for phimosis, balanitis, or cultural/religious reasons, but postoperative pain, edema, delayed healing, and infection remain key concerns. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Compound Chamomile-Lidocaine Gel for postoperative wound healing in children undergoing classical circumcision. Methods: A multicenter, randomized, controlled trial was conducted in 186 boys aged 8-17 years. Participants were randomly assigned to receive postoperative wound treatment with either saline alone (control group) or saline combined with Compound Chamomile-Lidocaine Gel (intervention group). The primary outcome was the degree of local edema 1 week after surgery, assessed by blinded evaluators. Secondary outcomes included maximum pain score (Visual Analogue Scale, VAS) within 2 days postoperatively, wound healing scores (days 3, 7, 14), total wound healing time, cosmetic scores at 4 weeks, patient satisfaction, and infection rates (days 7, 14). Results: 12.53±2.59 days, P