Comparison of Nutritional Status and Health Related Quality of life among Osteoarthritis Patients and Healthy Controls

Physical impairments, discomfort, and reduced functional capacity in osteoarthritis patients are often accompanied by emotional distress. These functional limitations can affect dietary choices and nutritional status. The study is designed to assess and compare the nutritional status and Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) of osteoarthritis patients and healthy controls. The study enrolled 90 subjects between the age of 40 to 70 years, including 60 osteoarthritis patients and 30 controls. The parameter included were anthropometric measurement, dietary intake and HRQol based on Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS). The mean age of OA patients and controls was 54.0 ± 10.03 years and 53.5±10.21 years, respectively. More females (73.3%) were diagnosed with OA than males (26.7%). The mean BMI among OA patients were higher than controls (27.4 ± 4.36 vs. 24.2 ± 3.94; 29.0 ± 5.25 vs. 25.5 ± 3.66 kg/m2 p=0.012). Weight was significantly more in OA females than controls (76.9 ± 14.48 vs. 69.5 ± 11.46; 74.0 ± 12.43 vs. 66.4 ± 8.87 kg; p=0.018). A large proportion of patients in both the groups were non-vegetarian. Fruit intake was significantly more in control group than OA patients. As compared to Recommended Dietary Intake (RDI) the intake of cereals and millets, pulses, GLVs, other vegetables, oilseeds and nuts was comparatively low in both the groups. HRQol based on KOOS noticed OA patients with significantly lower scores in the pain (14.5±5.40 vs. 32.8±1.97 p = 0.000) symptoms (12.6±3.24 vs. 20.6±3.34), and activities of daily living domains (36.2±9.55 vs. 64.4±1.61 p=0.000), indicated greater discomfort and functional impairment compared to controls. The sport and recreation function domain showed no variation, suggesting that both maintained similar levels of participation. Comprehensive care strategies like pain management, physical therapy, and lifestyle modifications are essential. There is need to increase awareness and education for earlier diagnosis.