Three-Dimensional Geometry of the Normal Scapula
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Recent evidence suggests that variations in overall scapular morphology may predispose individuals to specific shoulder pathologies. The purposes of this study were to provide a comprehensive 3D analysis of scapular anatomy in a healthy population and to investigate potential age-related differences and associations with pathological thresholds described in the literature. METHODS: This study included computed tomography scan data from 369 healthy scapulae of subjects ≥18 years of age without shoulder pathology. The scapulae were analyzed to measure key morphological parameters, including glenoid version, acromial coverage, posterior acromial height, coracoid angles, and scapular spine angle. Scapulae of individuals
Fields of Study & Subjects
Shoulder Injury and Treatment
Shoulder and Clavicle Injuries
Nerve Injury and Rehabilitation
Publication details
- Journal / source
- Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery
- Publisher
- Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
- Volume
- 108
- Issue
- 14
- Pages
- 1114–1123
- Publication date
- 24 March 2026
- Language
- EN