Development of Methodological Support for the Energy Security Management System of the Republic of Belarus

The article is devoted to the development of methodological support for the energy security management system of the Republic of Belarus. The relevance of this study stems from the fundamental role of energy security as a component of national security, especially for countries with high import dependence in conditions of geopolitical instability. An analysis of the evolution of the concept of energy security was conducted, highlighting resource-oriented, geopolitical, market and integrated approaches, and on this basis the author’s own definition of energy security was proposed. The work systematizes the main categories of threats to energy security (geopolitical, economic, technological, natural and climatic, social) and analyzes the key conceptual models of its provision (“4A”, sustainability and reliability, energy sovereignty). Taking into account the unique position of the Republic of Belarus, characterized by high import dependence, the commissioning of the Belarusian Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) and membership in the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), the need to build a hybrid multi-level model of energy security management is substantiated, which includes organizational, analytical, methodological, and practical stages. In conclusion, a set of priority measures was formulated to strengthen the country’s energy security, including technological modernization and digitalization of the fuel and energy complex (FEC), diversification of the fuel and energy balance with an emphasis on nuclear power plants and renewable energy sources (RES), increasing energy efficiency, creating strategic reserves and strengthening international cooperation within the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU).