Land Suitability for Seasonal Crops: Limiting Factors and SDG-Aligned Management Strategies

A land evaluation study of Muara Batang Toru Sub-district is essential to determine its development prospects for seasonal crops. This study evaluates land suitability for six seasonal plants, including red chili, cucumber, shallot, tomato, eggplant, and bitter melon, in Muara Batang Toru Sub-district, South Tapanuli Regency. This study employs a survey method, integrating field observations and laboratory analysis with predetermined criteria based on a combination of internationally recognized standards and local conditions. Geographic information systems are used to map the actual and potential land suitability classes for vegetable crops. The findings indicate that most of the actual land suitability classes fall under marginally suitable (S3) and currently not suitable (N1) categories, primarily due to limiting factors such as water availability (wa), low nutrient retention (nr), suboptimal rooting media (rc), and high rainfall (tc). Proper management practices, such as making drainage systems and raised beds, applying 15-25 kg of organic fertilizer per hectare annually, and applying lime or dolomite, can improve the land suitability class to moderately suitable (S2) or highly suitable (S1). Effective management practices, including establishing drainage systems and planting beds, applying 15–25 tons/ha of organic fertilizer annually, can improve the land suitability classification to moderately suitable (S2) or even highly suitable (S1). Commodities such as red chili, tomato, and bitter melon have the potential for significant productivity gains with these interventions. Implementing intercropping and crop rotation systems is recommended to optimize yields, maintain environmental sustainability, enhance agricultural output, and promote the socio-economic stability in Muara Batang Toru Sub-district. This research also contributes to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).