Management of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) in Oil and Gas Operations

Abstract One essential and non-negotiable element of ethical oil and gas operations is the efficient management of naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM). Although the industry has created complex, life-cycle-based technical frameworks for NORM control, workforce understanding and compliance are ultimately what determine how effective these systems are. The main pillars of Identification, monitoring, operational procedures, waste handling, and regulatory compliance form the basis of the thorough NORM management framework presented in this study. The discussion addresses key components of an effective management system, including comprehensive monitoring and measurement protocols, personnel protection measures, and a structured waste management process that encompasses descaling, stabilization, and disposal in engineered landfills. This analysis focuses on the Kuwaiti oil sector, where NORM concentrations are reported in northern oil fields.29 Survey data from industry personnel indicate that the effectiveness of advanced technical management frameworks depends on strong human factors. Deficiencies in awareness and training can compromise procedural controls and regulatory compliance. Establishing a proactive safety culture, supported by targeted training, ongoing monitoring, and effective leadership, is necessary to align management systems with operational practices. This integrated approach is vital for worker protection, environmental stewardship, and maintaining the industry's operational and social legitimacy.