Chemical Optimization to Improve Oil Recovery in Shales for Higher Salinity and Temperature Reservoir Conditions

Abstract Fracture Fluid Chemistry Optimization (FFCO) technology has been developed to enhance hydrocarbon recovery in shale formations through the design and optimization of stimulation fluids specifically tailored to reservoir conditions (Pinnawala, 2024). These engineered fluids maintain clean fracture networks and enable deeper reservoir penetration by modifying rock wettability and reducing interfacial tension (IFT). The inclusion of surfactants further improves relative permeability, thereby accelerating hydrocarbon flow. Salinity, both formation and injection play a pivotal role in chemical enhanced oil recovery (EOR) applications. However, most current surfactant formulations are limited to low salinity (