Formulation of Smokeless Coils Integrating Synergistic Action of Neem Kernel and Prosopis Juliflora for Effective Mosquito Repellency

Abstract Mosquitoes are significant vectors of diseases that affect millions of people globally, underscoring the need for effective, safe, and sustainable mosquito control strategies. This study explores the development of mosquito coils using natural and waste-derived materials, including neem kernel powder (NKP), Prosopis juliflora pod powder (KP), and charcoal produced from sawdust. The efficacy of these coils was evaluated in terms of mosquito protection and knockdown effects. NKP alone provided moderate protection (31.8%), while the combination with KP resulted in a pronounced improvement, achieving up to 83.5% protection and 39% knockdown, indicating a synergistic effect between the two plant-based ingredients. Sawdust-derived charcoal was incorporated as a binder and burning agent, ensuring uniform combustion and controlled smoke release. By utilizing agricultural and forestry residues that are otherwise discarded, this approach promotes environmental sustainability and value addition. The formulation process involved systematic optimization of ingredient ratios to maximize mosquito repellency. The resulting coils are user-friendly, economically feasible, and demonstrate enhanced mosquito control potential, presenting an innovative and eco-conscious alternative to conventional synthetic repellents.