Review of Tent Thermal Environments: Heat-Transfer Mechanisms, Assessment Methods and Passive Regulation Strategies

Abstract As a portable and relocatable temporary structure, tents play a vital role in disaster relief, military training, and outdoor camping. Their thermal environment directly impacts users' thermal comfort, health, and safety. This paper systematically reviews research advances in tent thermal environments, focusing on composite structural design, active optimization techniques, and passive improvement strategies. It analyzes the contributions and limitations of novel material applications, thermal comfort evaluation methods, and related technologies. By synthesizing domestic and international research findings, this study aims to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for optimizing the thermal environment of tents, while also outlining future research directions.