Exclusive Breastfeeding Practices; Coping Strategies by Working Mothers in Accra, Ghana

Abstract Background Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) provides optimal nutrition, supports growth, and reduces postpartum depression risk. The World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months, followed by complementary feeding for up to two years and beyond. However, Ghana’s Labour Act 651 grants only twelve weeks of paid maternity leave, extendable by two weeks in special cases. This creates a gap between national policy and the WHO’s six-month EBF recommendation, leaving lactating working mothers disadvantaged. Methods A qualitative cross-sectional approach was employed, utilising purposive sampling to select participants from the two largest public service institutions: Education and Health. Interviews were conducted with mothers aged 18 years and above who had given birth within the past two years. Data were transcribed verbatim and thematically using NVivo 12. Results Most participants understood and practised EBF, but the majority were unable to sustain it after returning to work due to the short maternity leave and limited institutional support. Coping strategies included expressing breast milk into bottles, utilising family or hired assistance, and accessing institutional support, such as early closing hours. Conclusion Lactating working mothers struggle to maintain EBF due to inadequate leave and workplace facilities. Revising Act 651 and adopting breastfeeding-friendly policies, including lactation rooms and flexible schedules, are crucial to improve EBF adherence. Trial registration: Not applicable.