Identity Politics, Conflict, and Peacebuilding: Insights from the Sidama–Guji Community in Ethiopia (1991–Present)

Abstract This study examines the dynamics of identity politics, conflict, and peacebuilding in southern Ethiopia, focusing on the Sidama and Guji communities in Wondogenet and Wondo Woreda. The study aims to identify the primary causes of the Guji-Sidama conflict, driven by the Guji community's identity claims, and explore peacebuilding strategies. A qualitative research approach was employed, combining primary and secondary data sources. The findings reveal that the primary cause of the conflict is the Guji community's identity claims, rooted in territorial disputes and demands for self-governance. These claims are compounded by both communities' aspirations for self-determination, leading to heightened tensions. The conflict is exacerbated by contested referendum outcomes, with both communities asserting ownership of disputed areas, resulting in territorial disputes and increased inter-communal tensions. The study further explores micro-level dynamics, including institutional ownership disputes, boundary conflicts, and socio-economic impacts such as displacement, poverty, and resource competition. The study concludes that sustainable peace can be achieved by integrating traditional conflict resolution systems with formal governance structures and promoting inclusive dialogue at all levels. The study underscores the importance of continued dialogue, collaboration, and inclusive governance to foster sustainable peace in multi-ethnic societies like the Sidama-Guji community.