Structural Analysis of a Semi-Trailer Tractor Truck

Abstract This paper focuses on the finite element analysis of a complete vehicle structure. Compared to component models such as the frame and axles, the full-vehicle model is characterized by its large computational scale and the difficulty in simulating the connections and assemblies between components. By appropriately simplifying the geometric model and strictly controlling the finite element mesh size, this study seeks an optimal balance between computational scale and accuracy. During the component connection and assembly process, the finite element models of the components are imported, translated, and rotated, and then connected using rigid links and couplings. This results in the final full-vehicle finite element model. A preliminary analysis of the finite element model is conducted, followed by electrical testing on the actual vehicle. This provides a practical basis for the finite element analysis and verifies the correctness of the model. Subsequently, using the validated finite element model, the stress distribution and deformation of the tractor under single-wheel lift and braking conditions are analyzed. Finally, a modal analysis of the tractor's complete structure is performed to determine its natural frequencies and mode shapes, assessing whether they effectively avoid external excitation frequencies.