Space Weather Radiation Assessment in Low Earth Orbit

Abstract As human activities in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) accelerate, a comprehensive understanding of radiation exposure risks driven by space weather phenomena is paramount for astronaut safety. This study examines the multifaceted radiation environment at orbital altitudes of approximately 400 km, focusing on how mission duration, shielding effectiveness, and solar volatility influence absorbed dose rates. To complement high-fidelity computational simulations, this research introduces a simplified analytical scaling model. By deriving predictive dose formulas based on real-time data from 2024, a period defined by peak activity within Solar Cycle 25, this approach enables near-instantaneous risk assessment. This provides a computationally agile alternative to traditional, resource-intensive Monte Carlo methods without compromising the precision required for operational safety thresholds. The findings underscore the vital role of advanced detection hardware and predictive space weather forecasting in facilitating proactive countermeasures, such as the strategic rescheduling of Extravehicular Activities (EVAs) and the utilization of hardened storm shelters during Solar Particle Events (SPEs). Beyond quantitative evaluation, this study advocates for an integrated radiation risk management framework. By synthesizing material innovation, adaptive mission design, and real-time predictive technologies, this framework enhances crew resilience in LEO and establishes a foundational blueprint for future deep-space exploration.