Innovative valorization of vegetable oil industry by-products for bioactive resources in sustainable circular bioeconomy: A systematic review

Abstract This systematic review explores recent advancements in the valorization of vegetable oil industry by-products within the framework of a sustainable circular bioeconomy. Emphasizing green extraction technologies along with integrated biorefinery approaches, the study highlights the potential to recover a wide range of bioactive compounds, including polyphenols, carotenoids, phytosterols, and dietary fibres from residues like seed cakes, glycerol, soapstocks, and press residues. These bioactives exhibit significant health-promoting properties, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities, supporting applications across food, nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic sectors. Despite challenges in scalability, process optimization, and regulatory compliance, ongoing innovations and supportive policies are fostering industrial adoption. Moreover, this review underscores the critical role of environmentally friendly, resource-efficient strategies in reducing waste, lowering environmental impact, and creating economic value—thereby advancing sustainable development goals. Future perspectives focus on process integration, policy support, and interdisciplinary research to fully harness vegetable oil by-products, promoting a resilient, eco-friendly bioeconomy.