Dataset for: Collection of land use thematic maps for the Colombia multifunctional landscape

This comprehensive geospatial dataset collection integrates multi-source, multi-temporal Earth observation data and thematic maps to support multifunctional landscape analysis and monitoring in the Cumbal Indigenous Reserve, Nariño Department, Colombia. Developed within the framework of the CGIAR Multifunctional Landscapes Science Program, the collection encompasses 76 spatial layers organized across thematic categories: hydrological features, land cover dynamics, climate variables, ecosystem health indicators, human footprint measures, protected areas, physiographic characteristics, forests, biomass, carbon stocks, and location reference data. The dataset employs a hierarchical approach to landscape characterization, combining fine-scale observations (30-meter resolution) with broader regional context. Temporal coverage spans four decades (1985-2025), enabling retrospective analysis of landscape transformation and current condition assessment. Core components include: (1) annual land cover classifications from MapBiomas Colombia tracking land use change at five-year intervals; (2) climate variable analysis comparing recent observations (2024) against a 30-year baseline period (1981-2010) for evapotranspiration, temperature, and precipitation; (3) ecosystem integrity assessment using a composite index that integrates functional productivity (NPP), compositional diversity, and structural connectivity; (4) forest dynamics monitoring through Hansen Global Forest Change and GLAD datasets documenting deforestation patterns from 2000-2024; and (5) atmospheric pollution measurements from Sentinel-5P capturing carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, and sulfur dioxide concentrations. Data integration follows standardized geospatial protocols with consistent geographic coverage focused on the Cumbal Indigenous Reserve and surrounding buffer area, enabling cross-dataset analysis and multi-criteria evaluation. Raster datasets predominantly employ 30-90 meter spatial resolutions appropriate for landscape-scale assessment, while vector datasets maintain source-appropriate scales ranging from local to national coverage. The collection draws from authoritative international sources including NASA, ESA Copernicus, MODIS, WWF, USGS, TerraClimate and national Colombian institutions (IDEAM, Ministry of Environment, and Agencia Nacional de Tierras).