"The Origin and Development of Radio Tube Technology in the Netherlands"

"The article studies the emergence of vacuum tube technologies in the Netherlands during World War I. The organization of the Philips research laboratory is con-sidered. The case of August 6, 1917, when a German seaplane with a vacuum tube ra-dio receiver appeared on the Dutch island of Texel, which attracted the interest of the Dutch military, is considered in detail. Thanks to this, the production of German vacu-um tube triodes using Dutch technology was established. The manufacture of the first vacuum tube triodes was made for the military department and was classified. Attention is paid to the organization by Hans Idzerda of the first regular radio broadcasting in world practice for a wide audience of listeners."