"Multiconcurrent fault in a PV based EV battery charging"

"The rapid adoption of Electric Vehicles (EVs) increases grid strain and undermines their environmental purpose unless Renewable Energy is integrated. Solar Photovoltaic (PV) offer a cost-effective, scalable solution for off-grid EV charging. Within the EVs, battery safety is paramount, necessitating a robust Battery Management System (BMS) to prevent hazardous faults. This work derives Over voltage (OV), Over current (OC) and Over temperature (OT) faults in an EV battery, both discretely and concurrently. "