Extraction and Determination of Bioactive Compounds with Mineral Evaluation from Grape and Date Seeds: Concerning their Applications in Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity

An optimized extraction method incorporating maceration has been employed to isolate bioactive compounds from four seed types: black and white grape seeds, and ajwa and barhi date seeds. These extracted materials were evaluated for antioxidant and antibacterial activities, along with quantification analysis performing of total phenolics, flavonoids, betalains, chlorophyll (a and b), carotenoids, anthocyanins, and mineral content. UV-VIS spectrophotometry was revealed a high phenolic concentration across all samples, showing (729.49±14.50 mg/g dry Weight (DW)), (660.80±8.82 mg/g of DW), (658.24±0.37 mg/g of DW), (643.78±2.39 mg/g of DW) black grape seed, white grape seed, barhi date seed and ajwa date seed respectively. Additionally, flavonoids showed significant levels, particularly in black grape (41.99±0.06 mg/g DW) and ajwa date seeds (41.5±0.05 mg/g DW). While other phytochemicals were revealed in lower concentrations. Phytochemicals such as anthocyanin, betalain, carotenoid, chlorophyll a and b were found in smaller amounts. Also, GC–MS analysis was employed to identify and characterize bioactive compounds in the extracts. The results revealed a variety of phytochemicals, including several previously unreported compounds. The evaluated antioxidant activity of the four seed extracts varied between 72.43% and 91.28%, signifying substantial radical scavenging capability. Antibacterial effect was evaluated using five bacterial strains confirmed inhibitory effects of the extracts. Mineral profiling via ICP-MS identified potassium, calcium, phosphorus, sulfur, and magnesium as dominant elements across all seed types. These findings underscore the nutritional and therapeutic potential of grape and date seeds as sources of natural antioxidants and antimicrobial agents.