Increasing Morphological Variation in Centipedegrass [Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro) Hack] Through Colchicine-induced Polyploidy

Centipedegrass [ Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro) Hack] (2 n = 2 x = 18) is a low-maintenance, warm-season turfgrass species well-adapted to the southeastern United States. Morphological variation is limited in the species, which creates challenges for continued genetic improvement. Colchicine-induced polyploidy has been used as an effective strategy to increase genetic variability and introduce desirable traits for improved performance in other turfgrass species. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of colchicine for inducing polyploidy in centipedegrass. Seeds were subjected to four colchicine concentrations (0.025%, 0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.2% w/v) across four exposure times (5, 24, 48, and 72 hours), followed by evaluations of the germination rate, ploidy level, and morphological characteristics. Colchicine treatments resulted in reduced germination rates and initial growth delays. While the initial flow cytometry analysis identified three genotypes as putative polyploids, only one, CCA054, maintained the same ploidy level through all evaluations and was later confirmed as aneuploid 2n = 3x = 30 through chromosome counts. Morphological evaluations revealed that CCA054 exhibited increased leaf size, stolon diameter, and overall plant vigor when compared with the diploid controls. Stomatal characteristics also varied significantly, suggesting potential physiological adaptations associated with polyploidization. These findings highlight the potential of induced polyploidy to enhance centipedegrass genetic diversity and improve key performance attributes. Future research should focus on field evaluations of these individuals to determine their long-term stability and adaptability.