Use of Artificial Intelligence in Criminal Justice Decision-Making and its Impact on Fair Trial Rights

The rise of artificial intelligence (AI) has extremely changed how criminal justice decisions are formulated, applied, and reviewed. Predictive tools in policing and risk assessment, biometric surveillance, digital case management and more algorithmic technologies are shaping how legal systems shape the processes under which individuals are both free and held legally responsible. Present research paper scrutinizes the application of AI in criminal justice decision-making and the consequential consequences for protecting the right to fair trial, within both international and domestic legal traditions. By drawing exclusively based on secondary sources and employing a doctrinal and qualitative approach, the research examines global human rights standards, comparative regulations and constitutional safeguards with special reference to the changing situation in India. The analysis also finds repeated dangers from algorithmic bias, black box decision-making models, heavy reliance on the automated outputs, siloed processes; and fragmented accountability channels. Uncontrolled factors like this can be undermining to adjudicative bodies authority and decrease public confidence in justice. The results imply that AI, as a decision-support tool with strong legal boundaries, can be positively involved with criminal justice administration under the right circumstances. But unregulated or completely automated systems present serious dangers to our basic rights. The article thus supports a rights-based governance model that is based on transparency, explainability, human oversight and independent review. By locating technological progress within existing normative approaches, the study adds to ongoing discussions about responsible AI development, and provides policy.