White Grubs (Scarabaeidae) as Major Root Pests of Sugarcane: Ecology and Control Strategies in Kolhapur

White grubs (larvae of Scarab beetles) are among the most destructive subterranean pests of sugarcane in Kolhapur district, Maharashtra. The present study investigated species composition, seasonal abundance, crop damage, and the relative effectiveness of different management practices. Field surveys across major sugarcane-growing talukas revealed a complex dominated by Holotrichia serrata, followed by H. fissa and Leucopholis lepidophora. Larval populations peaked during the monsoon months (July-September), coinciding with rapid cane root development and resulting in severe yellowing, wilting, and patchy field mortality. Infestation levels above six larvae per square meter caused yield reductions ranging from 20-35%. Management trials demonstrated that cultural practices combined with biological agents (Metarhizium anisopliae) significantly suppressed grub populations, while chemical soil treatments were effective but raised environmental concerns. Integrated Pest Management (IPM)-combining deep ploughing, light trapping, biological control, and judicious insecticide use-achieved the highest population reduction and yield recovery. The findings emphasize the need for species-specific monitoring, timely interventions, and greater farmer awareness to sustainably manage white grub infestations in Kolhapur?s sugarcane ecosystems.