Beyond the Hard Problem: Integrating Philosophy, Neuroscience, and AI in Consciousness Research

This article synthesises recent advances in consciousness studies by integrating contemporary philosophical debates, neuroscientific findings, and emerging discourse on artificial intelligence. It critically addresses philosophical issues, including qualia, the Hard problem, panpsychism, and illusionism, in juxtaposition with empirical neuroscientific theories such as Global Workspace Theory (GWT) and Integrated Information Theory (IIT). Moreover, it examines how interdisciplinary approaches have enhanced theoretical clarity and increased empirical testability. Ultimately, it explores the provocative possibility of machine consciousness, examining whether artificial systems can achieve conscious states, offer novel perspectives and bridge diverse theoretical frameworks to advance the study of consciousness.