Use of Microfluidics in Animal Reproduction: A Comprehensive Review

Microfluidic technology enables precise manipulation of microliter-scale fluid flows, enhancing handling of gametes and embryos under conditions that mimic natural reproductive microenvironments. In animal reproductive science, microfluidic platforms are increasingly applied to sperm selection, in vitro fertilization (IVF), embryo culture, and conservation breeding, with evidence of improved developmental outcomes and reduced cellular stress compared to conventional assisted reproductive techniques. This review examines recent advances in microfluidics for animal reproduction, outlines major advantages and limitations, and highlights future prospects in livestock and companion animal reproduction.