Radioimaging in Paediatric Hepatic Malignancies

Background: Paediatric hepatic malignancies, though rare, are among the most significant causes of abdominal masses in children. Early and accurate diagnosis using radiological modalities is vital for effective treatment and prognosis. Aim: To evaluate the role of various imaging modalities ultrasound (USG), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in diagnosing and characterizing paediatric hepatic malignancies. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted over a period of 18 months on 20 paediatric patients with suspected hepatic masses. All patients underwent baseline ultrasound followed by contrast-enhanced CT and/or MRI. The imaging findings were correlated with clinical, biochemical, and histopathological results. Results: Hepatoblastoma (45%) was the most common malignancy, followed by hepatocellular carcinoma (30%), undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma (15%), and metastatic lesions (10%). Radiological evaluation accurately determined tumour morphology, extent, vascular invasion, and staging according to the PRETEXT classification. MRI provided superior soft tissue contrast and better delineation of intrahepatic involvement compared to CT. Conclusion: Radiological imaging plays an indispensable role in the diagnosis, staging, and management of paediatric hepatic malignancies. MRI, in particular, provides comprehensive preoperative assessment and enhances treatment planning.