DNA Profiling from Mixed Samples in Rape Cases

DNA analysis has become an indispensable tool in forensic investigations; however, interpretation of mixed DNA samples remains one of the most challenging aspects, particularly in sexual assault cases. Mixed DNA samples contain genetic material from two or more contributors and often produce complex profiles characterized by allele drop in, allele drop out, stutter peaks, and peak imbalance. These complications are further intensified when contributors are biologically related or when samples are degraded due to delayed collection or environmental exposure. The present study aims to improve the interpretation of mixed DNA samples by applying optimized extraction, amplification, and probabilistic interpretation strategies. Enhanced PCR conditions, differential extraction, and Y STR analysis were employed to generate accurate and interpretable profiles from mixed samples. The results demonstrate that the applied methodology improves sensitivity and reliability in identifying contributors in sexual assault cases.