Manipur Earthquake History and the Cheitharol Kumpapa

Manipur, located in the Indo-Burma seismic arc, is among the most earthquake-prone regions of India. While modern instrumental seismology documents earthquakes only from the late 19th century onwards, much earlier evidence is preserved in the Cheitharol Kumpapa, the royal chronicle of Manipur. This chronicle records natural disasters, including several significant earthquakes, such as the great earthquake of 1548 CE and the Cachar?Manipur Earthquake of 1869. By combining historical entries from the chronicle with modern seismological records, this paper reconstructs the earthquake history of Manipur and highlights the value of indigenous documentary sources for seismic hazard studies.