Assessment of Thyroid Dysfunction and Serum Prolactin Levels in Women with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding

Background: The phenomenon of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a widespread gynaecological issue of women of reproductive age, and it is often related to endocrine abnormalities. The dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis has been identified to mediate thyroid disease and hyperprolactinemia, which lead to menstrual abnormalities. Material and Methods: A case-control study was conducted at a tertiary care teaching hospital within 2 years. The participant population comprised 600 women (ages 15-45 years): 300 participants (cases) with a report of AUB, and the remaining 300 children of the same age with no menstrual complaints (controls). Chemiluminescent immunoassays were used to measure thyroid function tests (free T3, free T4, and TSH) and serum prolactin levels. The statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS software. Results: Thyroid dysfunction was also much higher in cases than in controls. The proportion of women with AUB with hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism was found to be significant. Cases were also significantly greater in the terms of hyperprolactinemia. There was a significant positive correlation between serum prolactin and elevated TSH levels. Conclusion: The abnormal uterine bleeding is found to be of high significance with thyroid dysfunction and hyperprolactinemia. Thyroid and prolactin screening in women with AUB can help to diagnose the problem of AUB at an early stage and avoid unnecessary surgical operations. Keywords: Abnormal uterine bleeding, Thyroid dysfunction, Prolactin, Hypothyroidism, Menstrual disorders.