Modern approaches to topological optimization of load-bearing structures of monolithic reinforced concrete buildings and structures

Topological optimization is a mathematical design tool that allows you to automate the search for the optimal distribution of a material in a given area, taking into account its properties, applied loads, boundary conditions, and limitations on strength and rigidity in order to maximize the efficiency of the structure. The application of topological optimization to the design of monolithic reinforced concrete structures is an important direction in the development of construction science and engineering practice. The purpose of the article is to systematize and analyze the main modern approaches, methods and algorithms of topological optimization used in the design of monolithic reinforced concrete structures of buildings and structures. In the course of the work, an analysis of scientific literature, including articles and technical reports, was carried out, which showed that the application of topological optimization to the design of monolithic reinforced concrete structures makes it possible to achieve a reduction in material consumption of up to 16-30 % while ensuring all the required criteria for strength and reliability of structures. Thus, this approach is a powerful tool to reduce material consumption while maintaining the load bearing capacity of structures. Promising areas are the integration of research with artificial intelligence technologies. The article may be useful for designers, researchers, and graduate students whose research is related to optimization issues.