Mixed Methods Research Approach

This study aims to identify the types of mixed methods and evaluate their application in various social and educational research contexts. Mixed methods is a research approach that combines quantitative and qualitative elements within a single study to gain a more comprehensive, complementary, and holistic understanding of phenomena. This study employs a qualitative descriptive approach with systematic literature review as the primary data collection method, in which primary literature sources such as books, academic journals, and relevant research reports are critically analyzed. The results reveal three main mixed methods designs: sequential explanatory (quantitative followed by qualitative to explain findings), sequential exploratory (qualitative followed by quantitative to generalize initial findings), and convergent parallel (both data types are collected and analyzed simultaneously for comparison). Each type has distinct characteristics, design logic, and implementation stages; their selection depends heavily on the research objectives, questions, and focus. Further analysis indicates that applying mixed methods offers significant advantages, particularly in data triangulation, which enables crossverification of findings. Other strengths include its ability to enrich analytical depth, provide richer context for statistical data, and enhance the overall validity and reliability of research outcomes. However, despite its strengths, the challenges i n implementing this method cannot be overlooked. These challenges encompass greater demands on time, cost, and resources, as well as the need for researcher expertise in mastering and managing two different research paradigms simultaneously. Therefore, this study recommends the importance of enhancing methodological training for researchers, developing more applicable guidelines, and engaging in thorough design planning to enable more effective and optimal integration of quantitative and qualitative approaches in a study.