Potential biological effects of phenolic acid components of Campanula L. (Campanulaceae) species: A review

Plants containing phytochemicals with antioxidant capacity are used in traditional treatment and alternative medicine today. Campanula L. (bellflower) is the largest genus in the Campanulaceae family. In the literature reviews, phenolic compounds were examined in extracts obtained from different tissues of some Campanula species using different solvents, and their antioxidant capacities were determined using more than one test. Campanula species have been recognized as significant research subjects for their antioxidant capacity, antimicrobial, and anticancer effects. However, they have not been sufficiently investigated. It is known that extracts of some Campanula species have high antiradical activity and antioxidant potential. Inhibitory effects of extracts on some enzymes play a critical role in disease processes, and these enzymes are selected as therapeutic targets. Due to their bioactive properties, extracts from these species have shown significant biological significance in disease treatment. These properties contribute to their effectiveness in managing conditions such as constipation, laryngitis, tonsillitis, bronchitis, and warts. Additionally, they exhibit antiphlogistic, spasmolytic, antiallergic, and antiviral activities, along with potential benefits in addressing lung and heart disorders, as well as ear infections. Campanula species appear to be rich in phytochemicals and have many beneficial effects on health, especially in preventing oxidative stress. Therefore, this review discusses the diverse biological activities of Campanula species, focusing on their phytochemical composition, antioxidant potential, and antimicrobial, cytotoxic and anticancer properties. Further investigation into the natural bioactive compounds found in Campanula species would be highly beneficial, considering their potential for improving human nutrition and health.