Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Suggests Causal Effects of 731 Immunophenotypes on Vitiligo Pathogenesis

Purpose: This two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study aimed to investigate the causal relationship between 731 immune cell traits and vitiligo. Patients and Methods: ) were used as instrumental variables (IVs). Immune phenotype data were sourced from 3757 European individuals (SardiNIA study), while vitiligo data included 385,538 samples (292 cases, 385,509 controls) from FinnGen (Release 9). Primary causal inference utilized inverse-variance weighted (IVW) regression, supplemented by weighted median, mode-based, and MR-Egger methods for sensitivity analyses. Horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity were assessed via MR-Egger intercept and Cochran's Q tests. False discovery rate (FDR) correction was applied, with PFDR < 0.05 considered significant and PFDR < 0.20 considered suggestive. Results: > 0.05). Conclusion: T cell subsets.