Multidimensional Analysis of Serum Adiponectin, Leptin, and Resistin Levels and Their Correlation with Childhood Obesity Based on Gut Microbiota and Inflammatory Markers: A Single-Center Cross-Sectional Retrospective Study

Objective: To investigate the correlation between childhood obesity and gut microbiota diversity, inflammatory status, and serum adipokine levels through a single-center cross-sectional retrospective study. Methods: This study was a single-center cross-sectional retrospective analysis. A total of 116 obese children were divided into three groups (A, B, and C) based on BMI overweight degree and 40 healthy children (group D) were also enrolled. The fecal samples and the gut microbiota alpha diversity index (Chao1, Observed species, PDwholetree) were analyzed through high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA. The fasting serum was collected and used to detect the levels of inflammatory markers (CRP, IL-1 β, TNF - α) and adipokines (adiponectin, leptin, resistin) by ELISA assay. The inter group comparison was conducted using analysis of variance, and the correlation was analyzed by Pearson analysis. Results: Compared with the healthy control group, the diversity index of gut microbiota and adiponectin levels in the obese group were significantly reduced, and decreased with the severity of obesity. The levels of inflammatory markers, leptin, and resistin significantly increased, and increased with the severity of obesity (all P