Clinical experience of using the virtual reality method for the prevention of delirium in patients in the intensive care unit

Introduction. The development of delirium in intensive care units (ICUs) increase total hospitalization days, and mortality. In recent years, the use of virtual reality (VR) to prevent delirium has been discussed. Aim. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of using VR for the prevention of delirium in patients in the intensive care unit. Materials and methods. A randomized, controlled, single-center study was conducted at the Veresaev City Clinical Hospital in Moscow. Ninety patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) were divided into two groups: Group 1 received standard delirium prevention, while Group 2 additionally received VR stimulation using special helmets as part of early rehabilitation. The primary endpoint was the incidence of delirium. Secondary endpoints included the duration and severity of delirium. Results. VR was well tolerated, all patients in group 2 completed the full course of VR. Delirium developed in 12 patients (26.7%) in the standard therapy group and in 7 patients (15.6%) in the group with additional use of VR, which indicated a positive trend, but had no statistically significant differences (p = 0.302). Delirium in the control group of patients was more severe than in the group using VR stimulation (p < 0.05). The severity of delirium according to the DRS-R-98 scale was significantly less in the VR group (p < 0.05). The duration of delirium was 42 hours in group 1 and 24 hours in group 2, which indicated a positive trend, but had no statistically significant differences (p = 0.153). Conclusions. Virtual reality can be considered as an additional tool for non-drug prevention of delirium development in patients in intensive care units.