A new factor model for assessing the quality of life of Russian National Guard servicemen who participated in combat operations and who suffer from upper gastrointestinal diseases

Introduction. To comprehensively assess the quality of life of combat veterans with upper gastrointestinal diseases, it is necessary to focus on key indicators related to physical and mental well-being. Aim. To conduct a comparative factor analysis of the impact of combat experience on the quality of life of military personnel with upper gastrointestinal tract pathology, using a combination of the SF-36, OQ-45, and GSRS questionnaires, to develop differentiated criteria for assessing the effectiveness of preventive and diagnostic measures in military medicine. Materials and methods. A single-center, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted. 200 Russian National Guard servicemen with upper gastrointestinal pathologies were surveyed. The study group (combat veterans) consisted of 100 people; the control group (non-combat veterans) consisted of 100. The age range was 21 to 65 years. The survey was conducted using the following questionnaires: SF-36; OQ-45; GSRS. To select the key variables, the weight of each “Factor” was assessed using factor analysis with a factor loading coefficient > 0.7 (p < 0.05). Results. A new 6-factor model for assessing the quality of life of military personnel was obtained, from which three “latent” factors were identified in group 1: “Distress syndrome”, “Physical condition” and “General health” with a maximum factor weight of 15.73%, 13.36% and 11.36%; in group 2 – two “Everyday role activity” and “Social functioning” with a weight of 19.99% and 11.59%. The first group showed 65.65% contribution of each “Factor” to the variance, the second – 63.77%. Conclusions. Differences in key factors (“Distress syndrome”, “Physical condition”, “General health”) in combat participants and (“Everyday role activities”, “Social functioning”) in non-participants demonstrate a specific impact of combat stress on quality of life with a total explanatory variance of over 63%, which makes it possible to effectively use new technology to improve the diagnosis, prevention and tactics of combatant management, in particular, to conduct a survey only on key factors instead of the entire array of 3 questionnaire instruments.