Cross-talks between miR-421 and RAS p21 Protein Activator (RASA-1) in Breast Cancer.

Introduction: Breast cancer (BC) is considered a major health problem worldwide. It is reported as the most frequent cancer in females worldwide and the primary cause of cancer death for women. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated as potential biomarkers of several diseases due to their specificity, stability in different body fluids and their release by cells after injury. RASA1 functions as a tumor suppressor by accelerating the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP on RAS, thereby inactivating the RAS protein and inhibiting downstream signaling. Dysregulation of RASA1, either by genetic mutations or altered expression, has been implicated in tumorigenesis and cancer progression, including breast cancer. In this review, we have discussed the implications of abnormal miRNA expression. miRNAs can have tumor-suppressive or oncogenic effects via influencing the development, migration, metastasis, and cell cycle progression of tumor cells (Petrovic and Ergun, 2018). miR-421 was proposed to be elevated in BC tissues and prevents apoptosis by suppressing the production of caspase-10 (Hu et al., 2018). Objectives: To discuss the effect general background of BC. We provide an overview of the multifaceted functions of miR 421 and p21 on BC , stressing on the great promise for their use as BC therapy guide