A FOCUS ON CAMEL DISEASE AND ZOONOTIC ASPECT: REVIEW ARTICLE

The camel is a rugged animal comprising two species: one-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius) and two-humped camels (Camelus bactrianus). Both are important economic sources, especially in desert areas and dry environments. Their value is related to their unique physiological and anatomical characteristics that help them to resist difficult conditions and impede diseases. Although it has fewer infectious diseases than cattle, disease spillovers are further fueled by a lack of resources, poor hygiene, the high mobility of herders and animals, and a reduction in veterinary medicine care. As a result, it is still susceptible to diverse types of lesions and diseases, which are represented by viral, bacterial, parasitic, and mycotic diseases. The diseases cause economic losses in breeding belts of dromedary camels, especially in developing countries, which are represented by significant morbidity, mortality, wasting of body weight, and reduced milk production. In this emphasis, this work focuses on the most common camel diseases, to make the information is easily available, including some cases in Iraq, and the most commonly viewed point of the camel zoonotic disease.