Effect of Liraglutide on Pancreatic Tissue in Obesity Induced by High Fat High Glucose Diet in Adult Male Albino Rats. A Histological, Immunohistochemical and Biochemical Study.

Introduction: People are more likely to develop several metabolic disorders, such as obesity, diabetes and hyperlipidemia. The sedentary life, fatty diets with processed carbs and low fiber raise the global use of Anti-Obesity Drugs (AODs) like liraglutide (saxenda®).Aim of Work: Evaluation the effect of liraglutide (saxenda®) in obesity induced by high fat high glucose diet (HFHGD) and the histological, immunohistochemical (IHC) and biochemical changes on the pancreas of male adult rats and to assess these effects after stopping the drug.Materials and Methods: Forty-five adult male rats weighing (180- 200g). The animals were divided into four groups. Group I (control group) subdivided into 3 subgroups. Group II (HFHGD), Group III (liraglutide treated group) rats were fed on HFHGD daily for 12 weeks. Starting from the 9th week, rats of Group (III) were gradually administrated liraglutide once per day in the morning. The same protocol was done with Group IV as group III followed by discontinuation of Liraglutide for another 2 weeks and rats were scarified by end of the 14 weeks.Pancreatic specimens were processed for histological and immunohistochemical examination. Serum analysis for blood glucose, insulin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HbA1C, LDL, HDL, and lipase levels was assessed. Studies using morphometrics and statistics were conducted.Results: Group II (HFHGD) showed changes in the histology of the pancreatic exocrine and endocrine sections. There were changes in group II as indistinct outlines and dilated congested blood vessels compared to group III's. There was improvement in the all-biochemical parameters in group III compared to group II.Conclusion: It was concluded that treatment with liraglutide in the form of saxenda® improved the histological, IHC and biochemical changes occurred by HFHGD. On the other hand, stoppage of treatment restores some of the damage caused by HFHGD.Recommendation: Sustained saxenda® administration may be recommended for therapeutic efficacy.