Accuracy of Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System in Comparison to Histopathology to validate accurate Diagnosis of Palpable Thyroid Lump..

Background: It is thought that between 5 and 15% of thyroid tumours are cancerous. Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is the best way to tell the difference between normal and cancerous thyroid tumours. However, it is an invasive process that may not give a diagnosis 10–20% of the time. Aim of the work: Compare the pathology results with the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound criteria [based on thyroid image reporting and data system (TI-RADS) categories] when judging thyroid swelling that can be felt.Patients and methods: The study looked at 50 people who had thyroid tumours that were found either by physical exam or radiologically. After getting signed informed permission, a medical history and physical check were done on each case. All the patients had an ultrasound of the thyroid and an ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA). The results were compared with the results of the histopathology. They had a total thyroidectomy, and the results were written down.Results: More severe TI-RADS groups (4 and 5) were strongly linked to a higher risk of cancer. This means that 54% of the tumours were TI-RADS 3, 30% were TI-RADS 4, and 16% were TI-RADS 5. According to the study, the results of surgery were also good, with 90% of patients having no problems afterward. Some people had temporary hoarseness of the voice, temporary hypoparathyroidism, and wound seroma, all of which are common side effects of thyroid surgery. Using both TI-RADS and Bethesda classification methods together improves the accuracy of diagnoses and cuts down on processes that aren't needed.Conclusion: The study demonstrated that TI-RADS, particularly its higher categories, effectively predicts malignancy risk when combined with the Bethesda classification. The findings reinforce the utility of these systems in guiding clinical decision-making and minimizing unnecessary procedures.