Sustainability in Steel Structures: Challenges, Advances, and Future Directions

Sustainability in construction is a critical concern due to the environmental, economic, and social challenges linked to modern building practices. Steel, as a key construction material, offers both opportunities and challenges for sustainability. This paper reviews current trends, research advancements, and practical strategies to enhance the sustainability of steel structures. Key topics include life cycle assessment (LCA), innovative material production technologies, design for disassembly, energy efficiency, and economic considerations. The review also explores the role of recycling, advancements in high-strength and low-carbon steel, and alternative construction methods that minimize environmental impact. Additionally, it discusses strategies to optimize resource efficiency and reduce emissions throughout the material’s life cycle. Findings from recent studies highlight best practices and emerging trends in sustainable steel use. Finally, the paper provides insights into future research directions and industry practices that can support the sustainable application of steel in construction while balancing performance, cost, and environmental responsibility.