The effect of surface Roughness Property of Paper Cardboard Raw Materials on the Color Densities of inks for printing packaging Boxes

This research aims to identify the effect of surface roughness of Paper Cardboard materials on the ink color densities of various Paper Cardboard prints used in the production of packaging containers, to obtain the recommended CIE L*a*b* values. Surface roughness indirectly affects ink densities, including dot growth, contrast, ink drying time, and the amount of powder used in the drying process. The research problem can be summarized in the fact that surface roughness affects the resulting color density, which leads to a decrease in the level of print quality required for packaging containers. This research is based on the experimental and analytical approach, where several practical experiments were conducted to determine the effect of surface roughness on the resulting color densities when printing packaging containers. One of the most important results reached by this research is that there is a direct relationship between surface roughness and color densities, where the higher the surface roughness, the higher the color density due to the irregularity of the Paper Cardboard surface, which leads to differences in the thickness of the ink film and, consequently, the color densities. Which leads to clear chromatic aberrations, which are treated by increasing the density, which leads to an increase in the phenomenon of dot growth, a decrease in contrast, an increase in the ink drying time, and an increase in the amount of powder used in the drying process. This is done by conducting experiments and analyzing the data to obtain the results to achieve the research goal.