Anthropometric Predictors of Balance Outcomes in Sub-Acute Stroke Patients: A Regression Analysis Using CTSIB

Purpose: Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS) is marked by anterior knee discomfort.Anterior pelvic tilt and hip-knee unequal muscles play an important role in PFPS.The symptoms can be improved by adjusting pelvic alignment and building the hip-knee muscles.This study aimed to analyze the effects of Pelvic Tilt Exercises along with Hip and Knee-Focused Exercises on patients with PFPS.Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted at Siddique Sadiq Memorial Trust Hospital, Gujranwala, Pakistan.Forty-eight individuals aged between 35 and 55 years were assigned to either the intervention group or the control group.Both groups performed hip and knee strengthening programs, while pelvic tilt exercises were only provided to the intervention group.Measured outcomes included the Numeric Pain Rating Scale, Kujala Patellofemoral Score, Single Leg Squat Test, Q Angle, and Pelvic Tilt Angle.Results: Significantly greater improvement was seen in pain (NPRS mean rank: 12.50 vs. 36.50),knee function (KPS: 36.50 vs. 12.50), limb stability (SLST: 29.25 vs. 19.75)and Q angle corrections (12.50 and 36.50) in the intervention group than the control group, with the p-value less than 0.05, whereas posttreatment pelvic-tilt angle did not show a significant difference (23.60 and 25.40) as the p-value for the pelvic tilt angle was 0.06.Conclusion: Incorporating pelvic tilt exercises along with hip and knee-focused exercises significantly improves pain, knee function, lower limb stability and Q angle correction in patients with PFPS.However, it had minimal impact on pelvic tilt angle, indicating a limited effect on pelvic alignment.