Association between Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Decline and Cardiovascular Risk Scores in Middle-Aged Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study

Purpose: This study aims to assess the level of satisfaction among individuals undergoing noninvasive facial cosmetic procedures in Punjab, Pakistan.It further investigates the demographic, psychological, and procedural predictors influencing patient satisfaction.Methods: It was a cross-sectional study carried out in dermatology and aesthetic centers of Punjab, Pakistan.A sample of 102 patients, aged 20-40 years, who had received non-invasive facial cosmetic procedures in the past 6 months to 2 years, were interviewed.Satisfaction levels were determined on the basis of short-term and long-term follow-ups, and information regarding the demographic factors and experience of the procedures was obtained.Results: The majority of respondents were highly satisfied with the procedures (55.9%).The most common treatments were fat injections (76.5%) and liposuction (93.1%).Gender, the patient's educational level, and the specialization of the doctor had a significant impact on satisfaction.Satisfied patients were those without complications, for example, infection and asymmetry (p=0.000).Specialized consultations in the follow-ups significantly increased satisfaction (p=0.000).Conclusion: Facial non-invasive cosmetic procedures are valued in Punjab, Pakistan, and patient satisfaction is determined by the demographic characteristics and by the success of the procedure.Patient satisfaction can be improved by the setting of realistic pre-procedural expectations, by the management of complications, and by adequate follow-up attention.These results can lead the clinicians to more patient-centered, individualized attention.