Molecular Docking and Single-Cell RNA-Seq Analysis Identify PTGS2 as a Key Target of Osthole in the Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Microenvironment

INTRODUCTION: This study investigates the therapeutic effects of Osthole and elucidates its mechanisms in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Differential expression analysis was performed, followed by nomogram construction, gene set enrichment analysis, and immune infiltration analysis. Molecular docking was conducted to evaluate binding interactions, and single-cell analysis was performed. RESULTS: PTGS2 was identified as a key candidate capable of binding with Osthole. Immune infiltration analysis revealed elevated levels of activated inflammatory cells in OSCC. Single-cell analysis further showed high PTGS2 expression in macrophages and mast cells. DISCUSSION: This study demonstrates PTGS2's involvement in OSCC, highlighting its potential as both a biomarker and a therapeutic target. CONCLUSION: Osthole can modulate OSCC by targeting PTGS2, providing a theoretical basis for OSCC management.