Improving Quality of Life in Dementia through Tailored Interventions: A Systematic Review from Saudi Arabia

INTRODUCTION: Quality of life (QoL) in dementia care can be enhanced through nonpharmacological interventions. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of such interventions across demographic groups in Saudi Arabia. METHODS: A systematic search identified 11 studies assessing sensory stimulation, mindful walking, functional independence, caregiver support, and public awareness interventions. Data were extracted on study design, population, and outcome measures. Three outcome studies were narratively synthesized. RESULTS: Sensory stimulation interventions (n = 62) showed the strongest behavioral improvements, with a large effect size (Hedges' g = -2.03). Data from other studies were insufficient for quantitative pooling, and no formal meta-regression or heterogeneity analyses were conducted. DISCUSSION: Findings suggest that behavioral and psychological interventions tailored to older adults yield the most significant QoL benefits. Caregiver support and awareness programs offer important supplementary benefits, although limited data restrict broader generalizations. CONCLUSION: Non-pharmacological interventions, particularly those targeting behavioral and psychological outcomes, improve QoL in dementia care. However, further high-quality studies with comprehensive outcome reporting are needed to strengthen the evidence base and guide populationspecific strategies.