Targeting Cellular Senescence: Therapeutic Advances in Senolytic and Senomorphic Interventions for Age-Related Pathologies

Aging is an inevitable biological process characterized by a progressive decline in physiological functions, increased vulnerability to disease, and ultimately death. While aging is influenced by genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors, accumulating evidence indicates that cellular senescence is a central contributor to age-related pathologies. Senescent cells which are nondividing yet metabolically active-accumulate in tissues over time, driving chronic inflammation, tissue dysfunction, and the progression of age-associated diseases through the senescenceassociated secretory phenotype (SASP). In response, senolytics and senomorphics have emerged as promising therapeutic strategies. Senolytics selectively clear senescent cells, whereas senomorphics modulate their deleterious secretions without inducing cell death. This review provides a comprehensive overview of these novel interventions, examining their mechanisms of action, therapeutic potential, and current progress in preclinical and clinical studies. A deeper understanding of these approaches may transform the management of aging and related disorders, paving the way for enhanced and extended health span.